Well, no you can't do that. 

Short answer: Either you find some other free mail service like outlook.com for your domain or you create a mailbox elsewhere and forward to your gmail inbox. 


Long answer: 
If you want to use your own domain with standard gmail, you have to create the email address and mailbox elsewhere and then forward those emails to your Google inbox or access them through POP3.

Simply pointing your MX to Google does nothing because Google is not set up to receive mails directed at your domain. It takes both: Setting the MX records and letting google know that it is the recipient of your MX records. This is what you do in Google Apps Control Panel when you sign of with your domain.

Since google won't let you do that with a standard gmail account, it's not possible.