Google has an engineering team known as the Data Liberation Front.
The Data Liberation Front
The Data Liberation Front is an engineering team at Google whose
singular goal is to make it easier for users to move their data in and
out of Google products. We do this because we believe that you should
be able to export any data that you create in (or import into) a
product. We help and consult other engineering teams within Google on
how to "liberate" their products. This is our mission statement:
Users should be able to control the data they store in any
of Google's products. Our team's goal is to make it easier to move
data in and out.
The specific information on Gmail says that IMAP is the preferred choice for liberation (or backup in your case). Almost all email clients will support IMAP (or POP if not).
Escaping from Gmail
IMAP, POP Access
It's easy to use a different email reading program with Gmail using
either IMAP or POP, or to get all your mail out to take to a different
provider. Go to the Settings page (link at top right of Gmail page),
Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab.
This tab lets you set up POP and IMAP, with instructions for popular
email reading programs. There is extensive online help available for
both POP and IMAP.